MASS DIGITALISATION AND CYBER SECURITY:THREATS AND WAY FORWARD FOR PAKISTAN

This study examines the cyber security threats confronting the people of Pakistan at the grassroots level and their impact on national security. The primary object of this research is to indicate the role of cyber illiteracy, imported Information Communication Technologies, and cyber security policy gaps in exposing the masses to cyber threats. This paper finds that these indicators lead to financial frauds, identity thefts, malwares, and digital harassment. The large scale prevalence of these problems poses a threat to national security by creating social unrest and economic instability. It also assists malicious groups in spreading misinformation, propaganda, and paves the way for terrorist activities. Therefore, this paper recommends a holistic approach to revamp Pakistan’s cyber infrastructure, invest in local IT sector, implement bottom-up digital literacy programmes, and incorporate Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) in critical infrastructure. It concludes that by addressing these areas, Pakistan can consolidate its digital infrastructure and ensure its security in cyber domain.